Cutting tool coating technology developed in recent decades in response to market demand for the material surface modification technology. Coating technology can be effectively used to improve cutting tool life, so that the tool was a good comprehensive mechanical properties, which greatly improved machining efficiency. 1. Introduction Cutting tool coating technology developed in recent decades, the market demand for material surface modification technology. Coating technology can be effectively used to improve cutting tool life, so that the tool was a good comprehensive mechanical properties, which greatly improved machining efficiency. Therefore, the coating technology and materials, cutting and processing with cutting tools manufacturing as the three key technologies. To meet the modern machining of high efficiency, high accuracy, high reliability requirements, the world manufacturing the coating technology and its application in cutting tool manufacturing increasing attention. Tool coating technology in China after years of development, is currently in a critical period, that the original machining technology can not meet increasing demand, domestic major Tool Factory coating equipment is to be replacement period. Therefore, to fully understand the domestic and international tool coating technology status and development trend of advanced coating technology aimed at the international level in a planned, step by step development of tool coating technology (especially the PVD technology), for the improvement of the level of cutting tool manufacturers have significance.
2. Foreign tool coating technology status and development trend
Tool coating technologies are usually divided into chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition technique (PVD) techniques are two categories, are reviewed below.
2.1 CVD technology abroad Since the sixties
twentieth century, CVD techniques are widely used in carbide indexable cutting tools surface treatment. As the CVD deposition process of the preparation required for metals is relatively easy to achieve TiN, TiC, TiCN, TiBN, TiB2, Al2O3, etc., and multiple multi-layer composite coating deposition, coating with a high bonding strength, membrane thickness up to 7 ~ 9 m, so the late eighties, the United States 85% of the carbide tools used surface coating, which accounted for 99% of the CVD coating; to the mid-nineties, CVD coating carbide blades still in the coated carbide tools in more than 80%.
Although the CVD coating has good wear resistance, but the CVD process has its inherent shortcomings: First, Process for high temperature, easily bending strength decrease caused by tool material; second film showed a tensile stress within the state, easy tool use led to microcrack; third CVD process emissions, waste will cause greater pollution, and now strongly advocated the concept of conflict of green manufacturing, so since since the mid-and high-temperature CVD technology Applications will be restricted.
The late eighties, Krupp.Widia development of low-temperature chemical vapor deposition (PCVD) technique to achieve a practical level, the process treatment temperature has dropped to 450 ~ 650 , effectively inhibited the formation of phase can be used Thread tools , Mills , Mold Of TiN, TiCN, TiC coating, etc., but so far, PCVD coating technology in the field of application tool is not widespread. Mid-, medium temperature chemical vapor deposition (MT-CVD) CVD emergence of new technologies has revolutionized the technology changes. MT-CVD technology is with C / N organic acetonitrile (CH3CN) as the main reactive gas, and TiCL4, H2, N2 at 700 ~ 900 under the decomposition, chemical reaction TiCN new process. MT-CVD technique using available crystal forms dense fibrous coatings, coating thickness up to 8 ~ 10 m. This coating structure has a very high wear resistance, thermal shock resistance and toughness, and through high-temperature chemical vapor deposition (HT-CVD) process in the blade surface deposition Al2O3, TiN and other high temperature oxidation resistance is good, and be processed material affinity small, self-lubricating properties of good material.
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